Write the structural formula of propylene glycol, 1,2propanediol. Years of research have led to the incredible selection of soaps that we. Discussion we act as respondents and have tried the soap ourselves to know the effect and result from our products so that it do not cause irritation and side effects to other people. Saponification of esters fats and oils is a familiar reaction of this. After the purification process is repeated several times, the soap may be used as an inexpensive industrial cleanser. Paul kelter, jim carr and andrew scott, laboratory manual to accompany chemistry a. Soap formulation lab report pages 1 16 text version. This lab report will be a formal lab report written with a partner. E, records from ancient egypt described how animal and vegetable oils were combined with alkaline salts to make soap. Chemically, these fats and oils are called triglycerides see chapter 18 of your text. Their hydrocarbon hydrophobic ends are attracted to the oil, while the hydrophilic ends are left on the exterior. The sodium hydroxide solution used in this lab is extremely concentrated. To prepare soap by alkaline hydrolysis saponification of natural fats and test some of the chemical properties and cleansing power of. The white suspension formed is made up of soap and glycerol.
When you do experiment with soap, there are two layers of soap. To examine and analyze the microstructures of metals and metallic alloys. Our soap has undergoes stability testing to determine whether our products are suitable or not to be used. Preparation of soap by lipid saponification introduction soaps are molecules containing a very long alkyl group, which is soluble in nonpolar substances fats and oils, and an ionic end the salt of a carboxylic acid, which is soluble in water. Surprisingly enough, it seems that soap was first used for cleaning textile fibers such as wool and cotton in preparation for the dyeing process and not for personal hygiene. To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap.
Preparing soapobserving intermolecular forces laboratory goals in this lab, you will. E2 two session 5 hour lab preparation pre lab report p. A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long chain fatty acid. Synthesis and analysis of their general properties by. As you may remember, fats and oils are triesters of glycerol and three fatty acids. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this. Refer to the discussion information, page 233 and posted on ctools. Now face the sun so that it is noon where you live on your nose. Pdf che485 lab report on preparation of soap and properties. Below is a short glossary of terms employed to describe special types of soap. A lab report should not include any conflicting information that might cause confusion and trigger questions about the credibility of the report. The oil is, dissolved in the alkyl groups of the soap molecules while the ionic end allows it to be dissolved in water. However, there are very few published laboratory experiments pertaining to buffers.
The fatty acid usually contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The preparation of soap few college students today can recall watching soap being made. In conclusion, soap is a substance, water soluble sodium salts of fatty acids, that is used to remove dirt and grime from a surface. Experiment preparation of soap soaps are carboxylate salts with very long hydrocarbon chains. Gained an understanding of the saponification process.
Discussion of experiment preparation of soap answers. Comparison of properties of soap vs detergent alkalinity test with ph indicator paper lathering and. Synthesis and recrystallization of aspirin lab report. This hydrolysis is called saponification, and the reaction has been known for centuries. Soap making sopanification in this experiment we prepare soap from animal fat lard or vegetable oil. The process of precipitation of soap from the suspension is called salting out. The crude soap obtained from the saponification reaction contains sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and glycerol. To understand the process of soap production and study the properties of soap. Preparation of soap via reverse esterification saponification reaction.
The fatty acid of the glyceride is converted to sodium or potassium salt of the acid soap and glycerol is produced. Oct 30, 2016 to study saponification reaction for preparation of soap. Place the locking lever in the forward position to allow the control rod to be moved to the furthest position. These carboxylate ions are the conjugate bases of the fatty acids, and therefore, able to accept a proton when placed into water. One point of extra credit is awarded if the lab notes are attached at the end of the lab report. What is the procedure to do saponification reaction in lab. Abstract proper preparation of metallographic specimens to determine microstructure and content requires that a. In this experiment, you will make soap from a fat or an discussion. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. Animal fats and vegetable oils are esters of carboxylic acids. Purpose to introduce students to aspects of organic chemistry through analysis 0f different soap making procedures, so that they can produce desirable physical ad.
Soap and detergentcontaining products are found in many colors, fragrances, and textures. Preparation of soap objective in this experiment a triglyceride will be hydrolyzed in order to prepare glycerol plus the salt of the corresponding fatty acids soap. In this process the triglyceride is reacted with a strong base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol and fatty acid salts. How to write a conclusion or discussion section for a lab report. Preparation of soap by walter scharf and charles malerich natural scienceschemistry baruch college new york, ny 10010 introduction soap, from a chemical standpoint, is a salt or a mixture of salts of fatty acids. As a help, we are going to tackle the issue of how to write a discussion for a lab report. The objective of this laboratory is to make lye soap via the saponification reaction.
Introduction soap is produced by the saponification hydrolysis of a. The discussion should cover all of the objectives specified in the report in depth. Distilled water is preferred, but not essential if desired, you can prepare solutions of your lab soap and a household soap. Soap has unique properties that make it an excellent surfactant surface active compound or cleaning reagent. The cleaning action of soaps results from their ability to emulsify or disperse water. The conclusion of soap preparation involves allowing the soap to cool in the molds. In order to make basic soap, an experiment was performed, dealing with the process of saponification, a process that produces soap, usually. To learn and to gain experience in the preparation of metallographic specimens. Solar system formation lab choose from type in exactly the following. Dec 10, 2016 that is why laboratory or independent assignment is more exciting as it combines testing of knowledge and gaining tremendous experience on the topic. Preparation of toilet soaps chemistry science fair project. Preparation of soap edgar marroquin lab section dmwa november 16, 2015 marroquin 2 abstract. Prepare a mixture of 15 ml of 20% 5 m sodium hydroxide and 10 ml of vegetable oilin a 250ml beaker.
Our soap has undergoes stability testing to determine whether our. Each fat or oil is made up of a distinctive mixture of several different triglyceride molecule,three fatty acid molecules are. The process of formation of soap is called saponification. The most important part of lab report writing is discussion section. Ivy fernandes, gurleen gill, nathania takyi purpose procedure synthesis of soap the focus of this experiement is to produce soap and detergent through soaponification and test their various properties by. An example of a saponification reaction is shown below. To prepare a soap know how to do it and know thats its important for use or not. Preparing soap observing intermolecular forces laboratory goals in this lab, you will. Wash the biodiesel by adding 10 ml of tap water to the separatory funnel. Avoid repeating information, unless the information is expanded to provide additional insight. Its non polar hydrocarbon chain doesnt interact with water molecules that form micelles.
Chem 1100 2 history of soap the discovery of soap dates back to about 6000 years ago. For preparation of aspirin, acetic anhydride is added to the measured amount of salicylic acid. Use the lab notes to write the procedure section of the lab report. E2 two session 5 hour lab preparation prelab report p. Theory oil or fat when treated with sodium hydroxide solution, gets converted into sodium salt of fatty acid soap and glycerol. Due to the physical nature of the matrix, sample preparation for solids requires the most attention, and therefore is discussed at great length section 12. The synthesis and properties of soaps and detergents. Preparation and properties of a soap adapted from bettelheim, et al. Water is added once removed from heat with addition of cold water and suction filtration is carried out.
Experiment and biochemistry preparation of a hand cream. Prepare a soap solution by dissolving about 1 g of your laboratory made soap in 60 ml 4 tablespoons of warm water. Preparation and properties of a soap stockton university. Preparation and properties of soap long island university.
The common procedure involves heating animal fat or vegetable oil in lye sodium hydroxide, therefore. This laboratory experiment for the undergraduate quantitative analysis. Some hand creams use methyl stearate in their formulation. Jim carr and andrew scott, laboratory manual to accompany chemistry. Its molecules have a long hydrocarbon chain that has a negatively charged head. Traditionally, soaps were made from animal fat and lye naoh. These impurities are removed by boiling the crude soap curds in water and reprecipitating the soap with salt. Soap making has remained unchanged over the centuries. Preparation of soap using different types of oils and. In our experience, students who have a solid grounding in the theoretical aspects of buffers, buffer preparation, and buffering capacity are often at a loss when required to actually prepare a buffer in a research setting. The ancient roman tradition called for mixing rain water, potash and animal tallow rendered form of beef or mutton fat. General procedures for preparing solid samples such as. How does your soap compare with the look and feel of commercial soap. Preparation of soap lab report preparation of soap edgar.
Today many castile soaps are made with other vegetable oils. The objectives of the experiment is to prepare soap and compare its properties to that of a synthetics detergent. Describe the look and feel of the soap you have made, compared to the fat you started with. As the soap cools it will solidify enough to be popped out of the molds. How is the structure of the emulsion agent similar to that of a soap. Gently swirl the mixture for about 1 minute to dissolve the methanol, glycerin, sodium hydroxide, and any soap. This process of making soap is known as saponification. Saponificationthe process of making soap procedure. Castile soap a mild soap originally made in spain with pure olive oil. Be sure to avoid any contact with skin and especially eyes as it can cause serious burns.
Using a graduated cylinder, add 20 ml of ethanol and 20 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide. When triglycerides in fatoil react with aqueous naoh or koh, they are converted into soap and glycerol. Solid soaps usually consist of sodium salts of fatty acids whereas liquid soaps usually are potassium salts of fatty acids. At the end of each lab, a ta will scan the lab notes and upload them to the lab documents section of the eg1003 website. Soaps and detergents are used frequently in our daily life.
Soap lab presentation research question which lab procedure will give us the best properties to make a good soap. The lower grades of soaps are used as yellow laundry soap, soap powders, cleansers, and industrial soaps. When soap is added to water that contains oil or other waterinsoluble materials, the soap or detergent molecules surround the oil droplets. View lab report preparation of soap lab report from was 4 at baruch college, cuny. How to write a conclusion or discussion section for a lab. Metallography specimen preparation and examination. Soaps and detergents there is some evidence that soapmaking was known to the babylonians in 2800 bc and to the phoenicians around 600 bc. Soap can be made from the base hydrolysis of a fat or an oil. Introduction soap is produced by the saponification hydrolysis of a triglyceride fat or oil. Sulphuric acid is added and heated for a short period to complete reaction. This experiment was carried out to prepare soap with using mineral oils and to investigate and compare the properties of soap and detergents. Turn the hot plate on and get the solution boiling, and then switch to thelowest setting to maintain boiling. Metallography specimen preparation and examination objectives 1. E, the ancient babylon excavations uncovered cylinders with inscriptions for making soap.
In saponification, the fatty acids carboxylate ions are formed in the presence of the base. There is a significant difference between them where the soaps are produced from the natural products while the detergents are synthetic or manmade. Introduction soaps are carboxylate salts with very long hydrocarbon chains. Gained handson experience in the preparation, processing and fabrication of different oil based soaps. The fats and oils used in soap,aking come from animal or plant sources. Place the sample on the slotted table so that it is at the center of the swing of the head. Ansis a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. Tare a 400 ml beaker on the balance and then measure 18 g of lard into it. Discussion preparation refer to the discussion grading rubricks, pp. Only a few generations ago, people routinely made soap by boiling beef tallow a triglyceride with lye impure sodium hydroxide. We did a saponification and making soap lab and i need help with the question below. When the top layer cooled and solidified, it was cut into cubes of yellow soap sodium stearate. The entire micelle now appears to be hydrophilic, and dissolves in water. Preparation of soap using different types of oils and exploring its properties submitted by debesh mishra 109ch0476.
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